The SINUSES are hollow spaces in the bones of the head. Small openings connect them to the nasal cavity. The functions they serve are not clearly understood, but include helping to regulate the temperature and humidity of air breathed in, as well as to lighten the bone structure of the head and to give resonance to the voice.
The NASAL CAVITY (nose) is the preferred entrance for outside air into the Respiratory System. The hairs that line the inside wall are part of the air-cleansing system.
The PHARYNX (throat) collects incoming air from the nose and passes it downward to the trachea (windpipe).
The EPIGLOTTIS is a flap of tissue that guards the entrance to the trachea, closing when anything is swallowed that should go into the esophagus and stomach.
The LARYNX (voice box) contains the vocal cords. It is the place where moving air being breathed in and out creates voice sounds.
The ESOPHAGUS is the passage leading from the mouth and throat to the stomach.
The TRACHEA (windpipe) is the passage leading from the pharynx to the lungs.
The RIBS are bones supporting and protecting the chest cavity. They move to a limited degree, helping the lungs to expand and contract.
The trachea divides into the two main BRONCHI (tubes), one for each lung. These, in turn, subdivide further into bronchioles.
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